Determinazione della presepsina: non solo diagnosi di sepsi
Presepsin measurement: beyond sepsis diagnosis

AUTORI

ABSTRACT

Presepsin measurement: beyond sepsis diagnosis

As sepsis is the leading cause of death among critically ill patients, early diagnosis is essential for the subsequent treatment to improve the outcome. Several diagnostic pathways have been proposed considering multiparametric approaches that combine clinical and biochemical evaluations. Among the several biomarkers proposed, procalcitonin measurement has been obtained significant consensus particularly in the evaluation of the efficacy of the therapeutic treatment. However, the need to define the prognosis and the outcome and to identify the patients at major risk of events during the hospitalization or at a short time later, seems to be an additional clinical value. The soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (S-CD14-ST or presepsin) is a free fragment of a glycoprotein expressed on monocytes and macrophages; several studies have demonstrated the significative prognostic value of the biomarker blood concentrations (at admission in particular) while the diagnostic performance of presepsin remains unclear. In a study carried out in a population of old patients (67-102 years) suffering from suspected pneumonia (n=50) the results of presepsin at admission in association with a Muldimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) score allow to identify the patients at major risk of adverse events (mortality) within 30 days. The prognostic efficiency of presepsin has been evaluated in different studies confirming, in different patient populations, the additional clinical value of this biomarker. Therefore, presepsin and prolacitonin measurements may provide complementary information that, in addition to clinical score and blood culture or molecular biology, can improve the management of patients with suspected sepsis.

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